7/5/11

Los Cultivadores de Clio, De Annales a la Microhistoria; entrevista con Carlos Aguirre Rojas

 
 
Carlos Antonio Aguirre Rojas (Ciudad de México; 1955), científico social, teórico e investigador mexicano. Doctor en economía por la UNAM y posdoctor por la Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales de París. Actualmente es investigador por la UNAM en el Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales y docente en la Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia.
Su obra es un importante aporte a los textos de divulgación en México, de lo que ha escrito un elevado número de libros, artículos y compilaciones. Es partidario y principal exponente en México de la historia crítica; la tendencia que ha manejado en la mayor parte de sus textos es la de la difusión de las metodologías históricas de mediados del siglo XX, como la escuela de los Anales, asumiendo una postura didáctica.
Sus influencias marcan una línea directa entre los principales exponentes de la historia crítica: Karl Marx, Fernand Braudel, Marc Bloch, Lucien Febvre, Michel Foucault, Carlo Ginzburg, Edward Thompson, Ranajit Guha, Walter Benjamin y Norbert Elias, de los cuales es un importante divulgador en México.
Dado que siempre ha llevado a la praxis su actividad por consecuencia de las posturas ideológicas que representa, es director y fundador de la revista de divulgación científica y cultural Contrahistorias la otra mirada de Clío, académico, activo conferencista y adherente a la Sexta Declaración de la Selva Lacandona del EZLN. Basta leer alguno de sus artículos para comprobar su originalidad y estilo ameno y conciso. Su texto más popular es Antimanual del mal historiador o como hacer una buena historia crítica (Editorial Contrahistorias), en el cual plantea con el tono de un texto de divulgación las discusiones y posturas de la ciencia histórica, en total oposición a la actividad historiográfica en México, que presenta un retraso metodológico respecto al plano internacional. Dicho texto ha tenido una enorme aceptación entre alumnos de nivel medio superior y ha sido reeditado en varios países.
Más en la wikipedia.

27/4/11

Bridges; Clement Valla, 2010



Most people have whiled away a few hours scouring the globe from above using Google Earth. However, when artist and programmer Clement Valla started thinking about how the software operates, he found images which made even the most familiar landmarks unrecognisable. 
"I began exploring areas where it would be difficult to resolve the two different media [of satellite imaging and 3D landscape] and found that bridges produced very interesting result," the Brooklyn-based artist explains. 

Indeed, it is the mix of inspiration and scepticism that Google Earth stirs in Valla which provides the concept behind his "postcards". Like many others, he first used Google Earth "out of curiosity", but while admiring it as a piece of software, Valla likes "to maintain a critical distance to these kinds of representations, trying to understand how they affect the way in which we see and interpret the world,  the way in which they affect other visual representations, and might one day replace other modes of exploring the planet."

This led to Googling the world's "tallest, longest, newest, most spectacular bridges", as well as spending hours just following roads on the satellite imaging software looking for glitches. Valla's work is a self-proclaimed "investigation of process" and the reasons behind the images' wonky perspectives are as interesting as how they came to be so. Because, while Valla's images may look processed they're actually just screenshots from Google Earth. He explains that because the Google Earth image is produced by mapping a flat, 2D satellite image image onto the 3D terrain model information, the flat image -- for example of the top of the Golden Gate Bridge -- is projected onto the terrain beneath it, the result is distortion. Or, "in other words, the bridge appears to follow the terrain that it actually goes over".

The images are further complicated by the deceptive shadowing from the satellite images. As Valla says in an interview with Wired.co.uk, "These create depth cues, so we can understand the 3D information contained in 2D images."

Valla calls these images postcards because of how they reflect the transient nature of satellite imaging. "They reflect another era, another mode of exploration, discovery and memory, another process of image creation and distribution" he explains.

"These images are frozen moments from the history of Google Earth. As the software improves and is updated, these situations may be resolved, and these images will disappear forever from the software."
That would mean losing these weird and wonderful anomalous warped bridges. It's a good job we've got a gallery full of Valla's hunted-down screengrabs for you here.

Mr John Holten sent me this.
More images here.

26/4/11

Counter Cartographies Collective y Counter-Mapping. QueenMary, 2010


Commoniversity - Counter Cartographies Collective from Museo Reina Sofía on Vimeo.

El colectivo Counter Cartographies basa su trabajo en el uso, reapropiación y expansión de la cartografía y sus posibilidades, como forma de intervención en las diferentes luchas sociales.
Mapeo y cartografía son por lo tanto, formas de pensar y hacer frente a los espacios comunes, a la creación de territorios, a la transformación y a la ayuda mutua. Se trata de otorgar un enfoque diferente al pensamiento de la comunidad, al activismo, al trabajo, la amistad y la lucha por posicionarse en lugares comunes.



Commoniversity - Counter/Mapping/QueenMary from Museo Reina Sofía on Vimeo.



Counter/Mapping. QueenMary es un colectivo formado por estudiantes e investigadores que trabajan con las líneas existentes entre la universidad, la inmigración, la tecnología, la frontera, la vigilancia y los flujos monetarios. De esta manera, el proyecto explora estos campos de trabajo mediante las posibilidades de la cartografía como método de acción.

Una vez más, el Reina Sofía no defrauda con  su programa. Estos vídeos están extraídos de una serie de entrevistas llamada Sobre educación radical hechas en el encuentro Commoniversity.http://commoniversity.wordpress.com/ Hacer política con el saber en las transformaciones de la universidad global en Barcelona

24/4/11

Towards

Dentro del proyecto Visualizing Transnationalism que estoy comisariando junto a Emanuele Guidi para Transeuropa Festival, estuve formando parte del equipo del workshop de Gender Art Net,  con María Ptqk y Nicolas Malevé de Constantvzw, en Cluj-Napoca (una ciudad muy interesante) dónde hemos producido una cartografía subjetiva de esa ciudad de Rumania desde una metodología proveniente de los estudios de género en conjunto con los participantes del taller. Sobre lo que hemos trabajado en esta representación era el reflejo de las conversaciones mantenidas durante el desarrollo del workshop a través de la realización de un mapa con las calles de la ciudad ensambladas aleatoriamente consiguiendo los trazados de las mismas previamente de Open Street Map. Después, hemos situado una serie de iconos, keywords y extractos de las conversaciones provenientes del taller utilizando las calles esta cartografía multidireccional aleatoria como sistema metafórico de las posibilidades y la comlejidad presente en una conversación que se define sobre la marcha. En breve, subiré los resultados.

Dentro de la presentación del proyecto Gender Art Net, Nicolas estuvo mostrando su "memoria", la página Towards al que me siento muy afín y dejo alguna info aquí debajo:



Towards is an attempt to represent the territory of Brussels in a subjective way which leads to the creation of a collaborative tool for subjective mapping. This is an emergency website of the project! still in full evolution, but we want to share what we already have.
Two years ago, not-for-profit organizations Recyclart, City Mine(d), Constant, and the graphic designers from Speculoos launched the project “Towards a subjective collective cartography,” whose aim is to examine questions concerning the subjective representation of the territory of Brussels and to promote the passing on, exchange and pooling of those questions…
Currently, the project is carried out following two different trends: on one hand the creation of an atlas of Brussels and, on the other hand, the conception of a software (TRESOR).

A project in different stages (See events)

At the beginning of the project, nine artists of various fields and generations were invited – each according to their affinities with the choice of the subject and with a personal formalization of their data – to design a subjective cartography of urban interventions in Brussels. Their work was then the subject of an exhibition, and of a first publication that, far from only shedding the light on the particular reading of the territory by those artists, also put together their experimentations in an attempt to achieve a collective mapping out.
Despite the technical and conceptual difficulties, that trial proved very useful as regards what happened next, insofar as it triggered a series of new interrogations. How to represent subjective territorial data? How to classify that data and make the connection between two pieces of data? Which relevance and which form to give to a prospective collective cartography instrument?
Since then, there has been water under the bridge and other events dealing with similar concerns took place. From the setting up of a Webblog to the gathering of new maps, from the running of workshops (workshop 2, workshop 3) to the organization of practices in situopenstreetmap party, the project was sustained bit by bit by the knowledge and the experimentations of numerous contributors. But even though the knowledge that ensued from those contributions is abundant, it is nevertheless still raw and worth being clarified, synthesized, revisited or even completed. The second issue of the TOWARDS publication represents then the opportunity to draw up an inventory of fixtures of what has been done, to pass this on, to begin to think about what still has to be done and, of course, to prompt any person who would be interested in the project to take part in it.
And, what is next? First, the actual carrying out of those instruments and the putting to test of their results as platforms of consulting and production of knowledge of the city. Then, avoiding that these knowledge and experimentations remain mere intellectual speculations and trying, if possible and necessary, to convert them into actual forces of transformation…

Towards a subjective collective cartography?

One might think at first sight that the very fact of venturing the necessity for going towards a subjective cartography automatically presupposes that there is another way of mapping, an objective one, that one must grow away from… But the truth is, this dichotomous division between subjective and objective cartography is easily questionable. Even the most allegedly true map is actually only an intellectual abstraction, a certain look at a certain reality… Cartographers being no neutral agents, they always choose to “spatialize” or to “temporize” one element instead of another, to relate certain pieces of data and no other, according to certain graphic codes and no other: according to the data that is being used, to its processing and visualizing, the results can change radically. On that account, a map is always subjective, and this whatever its level of rooting in reality.
So, it may be useful to specify the title of the project: the aim is in no way to give up a so-called objective cartography to head for a subjective cartography, but to think about representations that would come to terms with this subjectivity in the approach of the territory and to promote the plurality of cartographic visions. In Brussels, map drawers and actors of the urban issue are for that matter more and more numerous and their skills less and less compartmentalized, which implies the appearance of new knowledge and know-how that one must absolutely take in account: although urban action used to be able to occur without or even against those many actors, or if need be with them, in a form of concession wrung out of or generously granted by the authorities, things are entirely different today…This going from urban action only arbitrated by the authorities to participation dynamics ushered in notably by various struggles mixing artists, associations of citizens and activists constitutes what architect Benoît Moritz calls the second phase of urbanism in Brussels (le deuxième tournant de l’urbanisme bruxellois).
In such a context, we think that it would be interesting to exchange ideas and practices from our various approaches to cartography and to centralize those energies. This is why we directed the project towards two different and nevertheless concomitant trends of development: on the one hand the carrying out of an atlas of Brussels taking up various maps (real, imaginary, artistic, anecdotal, psychological, geographic, town planning, amateur, professional, regional, local, etc) and, on the other hand, the creation of a software (TRESOR) allowing to consult these maps, to draw parallels between them, to play with the parameters that define them, to complete them, to publish them, to produce them or to use them within the scope of personal projects…
With the passing weeks, months, years, new faces of Brussels would see the light of day and a new form of memory would take shape: the memory of urban struggles, of unofficial interventions, of association positivism, of the richness of the actors of Brussels… The memory of a new vision, far from tourist clichés and community negotiation. Such is the interest of developing advisory and collaborative instruments of subjective cartography: comparing those various faces of Brussels with the more official or statutory maps that divide the capital of today, confronting them to the latter or including them to it.

Más en Towards.

HOW TO BE A RETRONAUT Ever get the feeling you're living in the wrong time?

Inside the Hindenburg in colour



  

Chris Wild, aka The Retronaut, runs How to be a Retronaut. Chris consults in archives, museums, brands and digital history. He lives in Oxfordshire, England with his wife Dr. Annie Sutherland, and their two children, Ruby and Zebedee.



Mucha más información visual interesante en How to be a Retronaut.